Smoke

SMOKING KILLS

 The World Health Organization calendar day 31 is designated as World Day of fight against smoking. This year's slogan is: "Smoking kills - do not be fooled." Despite the $ 6 billion spent annually by tobacco companies to convince us of the benefits of smoking, the reality is that smoking kills in the real sense. Tobacco smoke contains over 4,000 different chemicals, of which over 300 are toxic to humans nicotine, arsenic, radon, cyanide, phenol, DDT, asbestos, benzene, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, etc.) and other 43 are carcinogenic. Most toxic compounds are nicotine, tars and carbon monoxide. Nicotine stimulates the release of catecholamines heart that increase blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen demand of the heart. Also, nicotine stimulates the nervous system by binding to central cholinergic receptors after only 7 seconds after inhalation. This activates neuro-humoral pathways and lead to the release of hormones and neurotransmitters. This explains the euphoric effects of nicotine addiction and installation. Tars in tobacco smoke are carcinogenic. Carbon monoxide reduces the oxygen carrying capacity and promotes atherosclerosis. It is estimated that smoking of a single cigarette shortens life by 7 minutes, and the smoking a pack of cigarettes per day shortens life of 140 minutes / day, 51,100 minutes / year or 35.5 days / year. This means that smokers have less years 11 months! According to recent studies, the mortality rate among smokers is 2-3 times greater than nonsmokers to all age groups. This means that half of smokers will eventually die as a result of smoking. If current trends persist related to smoking, approximately 500 million people living today, ie approx. 9% of the world population will die as a result of tobacco use. About half of tobacco-related deaths occur between 35-69 years, which makes smoking the most important cause of premature death in civilized countries. Many people who die from smoking or smoke more cigarettes per day, but most adolescent smokers. Smokers past 30 years suffer 5 times more heart attacks than non-smokers. In fact myocardial infarction is the main way that smoking kills young. it is estimated that smoking is responsible for about 75% of infarctions that occur in smokers under the age of 50 years. But the effects of smoking do not stop there. Smoking causes about. 30% of cancer deaths. On average, about 90-95% of lung cancer deaths in men and 70-75% in women are due to smoking. Smoking causes other cancers: of trachea, bronchus, larynx, oral cavity, lips, tongue, mouth, pharynx, esophagus, pancreas, bladder, kidney, stomach and cervix. Someone had the curiosity of alphabetized names smoking related diseases. The result was surprising: for each letter of the alphabet have at least one disease! 10 comments: Send by Email ThisBlogThis! Share to TwitterShare to FacebookTrimiteţi to Pinterest Links to this post Reactions: Drug सोल्वेंती सी उस्तेंसिले History: In the 50s, inhaling glue was widespread among adolescents American and Swedish . Adhesives containing toluene and volatile solvents were spotted on handkerchiefs (which then were held in front of your mouth and nazului), or pour into bags for their breathing vapors. Other substances: Substances which are suitable for inhalation (sniffing) are chemical solvents in industry, DIY and the home, such as glues, solvents for adhesives, paints and varnishes, gasoline, acetone, butilacetatul, dichloromethane, hexane, xylol, carbon tetrachloride ("Tetra") and fluorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons. The diluent used by painters for their colors contain, for example, toluene. Chloroform, or trichloromethane, it is a solvent with the narcotic properties of non-flammable vapors. Form of consumption: Inhalation (sniffing, germ. Schnüffeln) especially dangerous is version using plastic bags because - drawn too much over head - can lead to death if not installed narcotic effect rapid and uncontrollable intoxication by the consumer . Mode of action of solvents with narcotic effect: The four stages of narcosis (for understanding mdicalfarmacologică): 1. Analgesia: pain perception is inhibited, and the ability of self-criticism and temporo-spatial orientation. 2. Excitation: The almost total inhibition of impulses "frenatoare" higher-level cortical disinhibition occurs lower motor centers. If the abolition or disorder of consciousness there is a hyper engine. This stage is nervous excitatţie combat in modern anesthesiology, the muscle relaxant drugs. 3. Tolerance: In addition to the cerebral cortex, are inhibited and diencephalic and spinal cord. Muscle tone is reduced, consciousness is abolished, but the heart beat and breathing still works. 4. Palsy: In this stage are affected and vegetative centers of the brainstem, breathing and circulation is disturbed. When narcotics are used as narcotic drugs, consumer trying to reach only the first two stages. Tends to reach that state of confusion and unusual euphoric, with a slight disturbance of consciousness, no longer perceive personal problems that torment him when he's awake and the emotional and spiritual tensions are mitigated. In this state, autosuggestion can become "reality" through lack of consciousness rooted in objective reality, so that homeless teenager turns mighty Superman Tarzan or its comic strips. We distinguish four stages of action of inhaled substances (sniff): In the first of these occur: nausea, pain in the legs, or the sensation of brain pressure. In the second describes the increased sensitivity to external stimuli associated with well-being and sense of weightlessness, similar to alcohol intoxication. The third stage is comparable to a light sleep, the homeless experience their "cut" some dreams during the day. The fourth stage is unconsciousness. Sequelae and risks: Almost all solvents are toxic effect when regular abuse. Chloroform causes liver damage and cause - in large doses - respiratory paralysis, or at least serious nervous disorders due to brain hypoxia. Abuse of trichlorethylene causes inflammation of the nerve, facial nerve pain and suffering heart also nervous conditioned (by driving impulse disorder). The teenagers who inhaled regularly for several years, toluene vapor were observed delirium (delirium tremens see at chap. Alcohol) several days. In addition to respiratory arrest, circulatory collapse is an important cardiovascular cause of death. Confusional states may occur with hiperexcitaţie reactions, anxiety and panic. In addition, it can cause burns and combustion (chemical burns) airway. Circle of people affected: It is noted especially young adolescents (10-15 years) from the lowest strata. Solitary Consumers are few, but the more at risk because not act in a certain context, this usually keeps long and suffered usually psychological trauma before consumption. Long-term sequelae: liver damage, kidney, nerve and brain. Who utensils drugs, needs certain tools. Depending on narcotic use and route of administration, drug addicts are in possession of the most diverse accessories. Hashish smoking Tools: Pipe, hookah (Shisha) shillum (special apparatus for smoking hashish) and own production facilities hashish cigarettes (engl. Joint) storage tanks (photographic film boxes, boxes of medicines) scales letters (for small weights - n. tr.) for weighing doses of aluminum foil consumption is packaged portions of hashish tanks for synthetic drugs with unknown powders small envelopes, folded (for packing powder) (engl. hits - each portion corresponds to hit = hit, n. tr.) Capsule storage tanks syringe LSD small boxes packaging materials, eg. Small pieces of aluminum foil; duct tape Envelopes for cocaine small folded paper and aluminum foil, the tanks for storage of packaged cocaine cocaine cocainomanului kit containing: mirror, razor blade, sticky pads for sniffing, storage boxes, sticky pads for sniffing syringe (metal, glass, or plastic) teaspoon cocainomanului for small crack plastic storage box special for heroin Envelopes Pipe small folded paper, cellophane or aluminum foil is packaged heroin (hits) usually syringes sooty disposable spoons that dissolve heroin; a lighter to heat the solution and cotton wool or broken cigarette filters, which filter heroin during suction syringe shoelace, belt or rubber hose, as a tourniquet to compress to the injection vein 3 comments : Send by email ThisBlogThis! Share to TwitterShare to FacebookTrimiteţi to Pinterest links to this post reactions: methadone methadone is an opioid synthetically produced similar effect of morphine, developed in 1942 by Hoechster paint factory. It was patented in 1953 and marketed as strong as the POLAMIDONR analgesic. Since 1960, methadone was used (first in the US) as a substance against physical abstinence syndrome in heroin detoxification. As a substitute, methadone is appropriate for several reasons: • It can be produced synthetically. Thus, combat opium cultivation and trafficking of opiates products. • Can be administered without significant impairment of efficiency, and in the form of tablets or drops. The droplets are most often dissolved in orange juice. • Has the effect of longer than heroin, so there should be administered only once a day. • By installing insidious effect when administered orally does not produce the so-called kick (strong feeling of euphoria, sudden shortly after administration). The lack euphoric feeling that aggravates addictiei. But if methadone is administered intravenously, the effect is similar to a dose of injected heroin. For patients who do not support oral methadone in Switzerland is possible to obtain methadone as a solution for injection. Composition Methadone is a racemic twin consists of two molecules (enantiomers), contained in an equal proportion (50%): Levomethadone ((R) - methadone) and dextrometadona ((S) -metadona). In Germany, methadone is issued only in pharmacies and only by presenting a special recipes (recipe embossing). Side effects sedative effect, profuse sweating, euphoria, miosis, rarely tachycardia, hypotension, constipation (like all opioids, is paralytic action on intestinal peristalsis), respiratory depression (inhibition of respiratory automatism). Poisoning Signs of an overdose include: severe respiratory depression, hypotension, marked tachycardia, hyperthermia, disturbances of consciousness to coma. Directions Levomethadone can be administered as tablets, intravenous (iv) and intramuscular (IM) and the injectable solution drops. In medicine, is administered as analgesic strength, low in side effects, eg myocardial infarction and tumor pain.