Cocaine

Provenance: Cocaine is extracted chemically from coca bush leaves. Plant, several meters high, grows in tropical areas of South America and the Indonesian archipelago (Malaizia). Form: white, flocculent, crystalline Consumption: Cocaine is prizează or injected Action: If taken orally, cocaine produces a state of stupor (euphoria), in small doses and poisoning phenomena in higher doses. Cocaine has anesthetic effect on nerve endings free and mucosal wound. In the past, cocaine was used as a local anesthetic are used today in this scopt its synthetic derivatives. The mechanism of action of cocaine is to inhibit the resorption adrenergic neurotransmitters in the storage structures from the sympathetic nerve endings. Thus, under the action of adrenergic mediators cocaine increases the concentration of noradrenaline type. They will cause increased adrenergic arousal, so they generally increases sympathetic tone. This effect explains why cocaine can be used for a limited period, as a substance that increases the performance of the individual. [Sympathicotonia = increased sympathetic excitability. Determines rapid heart rate, pupil dilation (mydriasis), sweating amplification, inhibition of intestinal peristalsis, increased excitability] Thus, cocaine provides performance and subjective feeling of physical force growth and increase endurance and objective application of the maximum level until total exhaustion individual's mental reserves. Under the continuous action of cocaine, the need for sleep is neglected, like hunger, so that the individual can give up more time to food intake. Feeling of fatigue and exhaustion disappears provision is improving and mobilization increases. Of course, all this can be sustained only a limited time. The weakening, fatigue, exhaustion, physical degradation and, ultimately, renal functional consequences of substance use for a long time, besides appearing severe psychological dependence on any substance not install so strong, so soon as cocaine. The state of euphoria: stupefaction during cocaine is characterized by a state of euphoria, a feeling of happiness superhuman and supernatural state of contentment, the momentum of all feelings and a sense of oneness with the world overwhelmingly - experiences memory loss while generating conflicts and problems. Increased mobilization, disinhibition, increased ability to establish new contacts, fantasies of omnipotence and sexual stimulation are also part of cocaine stupor time. Cocaine stupor time can be divided into three stages: Stage Stage depressive stupor euphoric stage euphoric stage: If the setting of substance, first euphoric changes already occurring shortly after dosing. Consumers are very cheerful and feel happy. Morale improves increasingly more so will feel an increased need for communication (verbose), followed by an acceleration of cognitive processes (tahipsihie). In parallel, there is a progressive decrease in critical discernment and loss of sense of distance. Inhibitions are removed, fear disappears, the contacts become easier. Euphoric stage, the positive feelings, characterized by statisfacţie and happiness is described by consumers as proper order as the desired effect of consumption. The state of stupor: In the second stage, the stuporii, in addition to the modification described above, occur frequently incorrect assessment of reality, pseudohalucinaţii, and optical and auditory hallucinations true. In many cases describe a clinical paranoid-hallucinatory, with ideas relating to their own experiences. Cocaine junkies threatening voices and chastening. Often say that they would talk about it, that would know everything about them. In addition, some of them are installed and tactile hallucinations or ventures in which, for example, those concerned feel the presence of small animals or objects sensitive to their skin; sometimes they also "see". Consciousness disorder is not significant during the stage of stupor. Depressive stage: Stage Three, depression, fatigue is primarily, indifference and passivity often infiltrated by thoughts and suicidal ideation. This stage is a dangerous episode of cocaine as a risk is latent, uncontrollable of suicide, you can update imminently. Poisoning: There are, on the one hand, cocaine shock and, on the other hand, acute cocaine intoxication. The shock of cocaine is manifested by severe circulatory failure and severe dyspnoea already occurring at low quantities. It is a type of hypersensitivity reaction. Acute cocaine intoxication is instead the consequence of substance overdose. Acute cocaine intoxication feature is greatly increased sympathetic tone, manifested through dilated pupils, bright eyes (glassy), tachycardia (rapid heart rate), roşirea face, sweating, hyperventilation (rapid breathing), increased temperature and increased blood pressure. Central nervous excitement may lead to the occurrence of seizures and primitive movements, but also of some hallucination. Finally, the clinical picture presented which degenerates into unconsciousness, respiratory depression and collapse with blood circulation will lead to death if not applicable medical intensive care measures. Dependence: During the use, there is a strong and rapid increase in the dose of from 0.1 to 15 g, in individual cases even up to 30 g daily. Rapid increases not only the frequency of administration, and amount administered each time. Cocainismul is strong psychological dependence and a strong tendency to increase the dose in the absence of physical dependence or tolerance of substance. Cocainomania is the most eloquent example of psychological dependence only, in respect of its destructive effect is comparable to physical and psychological dependence to opioids time. Withdrawal psychic phenomena occurring abstinence are often so strong that can lead to suicide attempts, since the capabilities of the individual during abstinence is maintained - as opposed to abstinence syndrome opioidomanului. Special Hazards: Cocaine usually be prizează. Consequently, the nasal mucosa will present swelling, ulceration and - in severe cases - even perforation of the nasal septum, which will cause a blockage in the nose and a corresponding change in the physiognomy. On today's stage drug, cocaine is consumed, usually in processes of drug abusers. Obviously, it was not long disponiblă in sufficient quantities to make a real competition heroin. In recent years, however, it seems that his place in the drug scene. Only addicted to cocaine are now a rarity in current psychiatric clinical practice, most often transient or occasional substance is consumed during a general depdendenţe advanced drug. Some consumers deliberately injecting mixtures of cocaine and heroin - the so-called "speed-ball". Were also seen cases where consumers are sold "spped-ball" instead of pure cocaine. This induces no time dependence of heroin cocaine without his knowledge and will. Psychosis: A characteristic effect of cocaine is the so-called tactile hallucinations. Presence of psychotic patients feel as tiny creatures, of fine dust particles or small objects on their skin, which pretend sometimes that you and I see. Consequently, it will scratch strong (traces of scratching). Long-term sequelae: cocaine addicts show alterations typical character addiction. Serious brain damage can occur, such as encephalomalacia ("cerebral softening substance", n. Tr.), Leading to dementia. In the final stage there is a total physical disintegration.